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Dutta, Suryendu

Biomarker Signatures of Early Cretaceous Coals of Kutch Basin, Western India

Abstract Views :246 | PDF Views:81

Authors

Swagata Paul ¹, Suryendu Dutta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 108, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 211-217

Abstract

The unique position of the Indian plate during the Late Mesozoic draws our attention to study the palaeofloral community from the Early Cretaceous coals of the Kutch Basin using organic geochemical proxies. The biomarkers were studied by GC-MS technique to reveal the botanical source of organic matter. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis data show that samples are thermally immature and organic matter is a mixture of type-II and type-III kerogen. Saturated hydrocarbons are characterized by nC₁₄ to nC₃₅ alkanes with odd over even preference (carbon preference index 1.4 to 3). The pristane/phytane ratios ranging from 0.8 to 2.9 indicate suboxic depositional environment. The occurrence of sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids depicts that the organic matter was derived from conifers. The predominance of abietane/ pimarane class diterpenoids and presence of phyllocladane suggest that Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae- dominated conifer vegetation served as the source material for the formation of these Early Cretaceous coal beds of the Kutch Basin.

Keywords

Araucariaceae, Coal, Conifers, Diterpenoids, Early Cretaceous.

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Record of Charcoal from Early Maastrichtian Intertrappean Lake Sediments of Bagh Valley of Madhya Pradesh:Palaeofire Proxy

Abstract Views :236 | PDF Views:115

Authors

Dhananjay M. Mohabey ¹, Bandana Samant ¹, Deepesh Kumar ¹, Anup Dhobale ¹, Arka Rudra ², Suryendu Dutta ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur 440 001, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 07 (2018), Pagination: 1540-1544

Abstract

Presence of charcoal in intertrappean lake sediments associated with the Malwa Group of the Deccan trap, India is recorded. The finding provides the first evidence of palaeofire in the Indian late Cretaceous. Though previous studies have shown the presence of carbonaceous clays and coal bands in the Deccan volcanic associated sediments, the presence of fossil charcoal in the sediments is rarely reported. The fossil charcoal was identified based on optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (Py-GC-MS). This study indicates that charcoal is derived from burning of plants caused by forest fire during the Maastrichtian (Chron 30N).

Keywords

Deccan Volcanism, Fossil Charcoal, Maastrichtian, Malwa Group, Palaeofire.

Full Text

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A need to integrate metagenomics and metabolomics in geosciences and develop the deep-time digital earth-biome database of India

Abstract Views :125 | PDF Views:69

Authors

Pradeep Srivastava ¹, Prasanta Sanyal ², Sharmila Bhattacharya ³, Praveen K. Mishra ⁴, Suryendu Dutta ⁵, Rajarshi Chakravarti ¹, Niraj Rai ⁶, Naveen Navani ⁷, Anoop Ambili ³, K. P. Karanth ⁸, Jahanavi Joshi ⁹, Sushmita Singh ¹, Senthil Kumar Sadasivam ¹⁰

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, India, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741 246, India, IN
3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali 140 306, India, IN
4 Department of Geology, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Jammu 180 001, India, IN
5 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India, IN
6 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226 007, India, IN
7 Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247 667, India, IN
8 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru 560 012, India, IN
9 CSIR Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India, IN
10 Geobiotechnology Laboratory/PG and Research Department of Botany, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 001, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 26-37

Abstract

This article presents applications of metagenomics and metabolomics in geosciences. It emphasizes the significance of biomolecular proxies in palaeoclimatology, the evolution of life, the genesis of hydrocarbons and the role of biological processes in metallogeny. Several examples of breakthroughs with respect using these methods in earth sciences exist, such as the estimating resilience time of landscapes against invasive species. It is unfortunate that scientific programmes using bioproxies have not yet taken root in Indian institutions. Now is the appropriate time to delineate the critical role of biology in geology and establish it as a thrust area of research in India. A molecular geobiology programme would deal with the understanding of varied issues such as microbial heat production and its role in soil processes, the role of biology in mineralization, the use of biomarkers (metabolites) and ancient DNA studies in understanding feedbacks in climate change, evolution of life, etc. This article focuses on the use of metagenomics and metabolomics in palaeo-sciences and the potential intellectual dividends they could provide

Full Text

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